The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.